Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F (190 degrees C).
Add artichokes, breadcrumbs, 1/2 cup grated Parmesan, olive oil, lemon juice, garlic, parsley, salt, and pepper to a large bowl; stir to combine.
Spread half the mixture into a 9x9-inch deep baking dish, then top with 4 slices provolone or mozzarella cheese.
Add remaining artichoke mixture on top. Sprinkle with remaining Parmesan cheese and drizzle with olive oil; tear remaining provolone slice into pieces and add on top.
Bake in the preheated oven until golden and bubbly, 30 to 35 minutes.